Growth Habit: Evergreen shrub, typically 5-15 feet tall, can occasionally reach up to 30 feet.
Leaves: Alternate, simple, leathery, elliptic to lanceolate, 3-12 cm long, glossy green above, lighter below.
Flowers: Clusters (corymbs) of showy, bowl-shaped flowers, typically 2.5 cm wide, colors range from white to pink, sometimes with darker markings, blooming late spring to early summer.
Fruit: Small, round capsules that split open to release numerous seeds.
Bark: Thin, smooth, and reddish-brown when young, becoming shreddy and darker with age.
Known Range:
Native Range: Eastern United States, from southern Maine south to northern Florida, and west to Indiana and Louisiana.
Preferred Habitat: Rocky or sandy soils in forests, woodlands, and clearings, often found in acidic, well-drained soils.
Care Requirements:
Light: Prefers partial shade to full sun; in hotter climates, prefers more shade.
Soil: Acidic, well-drained soils are essential; tolerates poor, rocky soils but not heavy clay.
Water: Regular watering required, especially in dry periods, but avoid waterlogging.
Temperature: Hardy in USDA zones 4-9; tolerates cold winters but may need protection from harsh winds.
Pruning: Minimal pruning needed; remove dead or diseased wood and shape after flowering if necessary.
Fertilization: Light feeding with an acid-forming fertilizer in early spring.
Pests and Diseases: Susceptible to leaf spot, blight, and scale insects; good air circulation helps prevent fungal diseases.
Propagation: Can be propagated by seed, but more commonly by semi-hardwood cuttings taken in late summer.
Additional Notes:
Toxicity: All parts of the plant are toxic if ingested, containing grayanotoxins that can affect the heart.
Wildlife: Flowers attract bees and butterflies; however, deer tend to avoid browsing on it due to its toxicity.
Landscape Use: Often used as an ornamental plant for its beautiful flowers and foliage, suitable for naturalistic settings, woodland gardens, and mixed borders.
Many of the flowering plants featured on our website are available through Nature Hills Nursery. Ordering them through this link will support the Cernunnos Foundation and your garden!
