Description: Sambucus canadensis, commonly known as Common Elderberry, is a deciduous shrub native to North America. It typically grows 5 to 12 feet tall and forms a dense thicket of multiple stems. The plant features compound leaves with 5-9 serrated leaflets arranged oppositely along the stem. In late spring to early summer, clusters of small, creamy-white flowers with a sweet fragrance bloom. These flowers are followed by clusters of small, dark purple to black berries in late summer to early fall, which are highly prized for their culinary and medicinal uses.
Known Range: Common Elderberry is native to eastern North America, ranging from eastern Canada south to Florida and west to Texas. It is commonly found in wetlands, along stream banks, in forested areas, and in disturbed habitats.
Care Requirements:
Sunlight: Common Elderberry thrives in full sun to partial shade. While it can tolerate some shade, full sun exposure generally results in more vigorous growth and fruit production.
Soil: Well-drained, moist, and fertile soil is ideal for Common Elderberry. It can tolerate a wide range of soil types, including loamy, sandy, or clay soils, but prefers slightly acidic to neutral pH levels.
Watering: Regular watering is essential, especially during dry periods, to keep the soil consistently moist but not waterlogged. Adequate moisture is crucial for fruit production.
Pruning: Pruning Common Elderberry is important to maintain its shape, promote airflow, and remove dead or diseased branches. Prune in late winter or early spring while the plant is dormant.
Fertilization: Common Elderberry generally does not require heavy fertilization if grown in nutrient-rich soil. However, applying a balanced fertilizer in spring can promote healthy growth and fruiting.
Pollination: Common Elderberry is self-fertile but benefits from cross-pollination for increased fruit set. Planting multiple individuals or other compatible elderberry varieties nearby can enhance fruit production.
Pests and Diseases: Common Elderberry is relatively resistant to pests and diseases. However, it may be susceptible to aphids, spider mites, powdery mildew, and bacterial leaf spot. Proper cultural practices, such as adequate spacing, pruning, and sanitation, can help minimize pest and disease issues.
Note: It’s important to consult local gardening resources and extension offices for specific care recommendations tailored to your region’s climate and conditions.
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