Colchicum lusitanum Brot.

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Autumn Crocus

Taxonomy:

  • Kingdom: Plantae
  • Phylum: Angiosperms
  • Class: Eudicots
  • Order: Liliales
  • Family: Colchicaceae
  • Genus: Colchicum
  • Species: lusitanum Brot.

Common Names by Region:

  • English: Autumn Crocus, Portuguese Meadow Saffron
  • Portuguese: Açafrão-dos-montes

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Description: Colchicum lusitanum, commonly known as Autumn Crocus or Portuguese Meadow Saffron, is a perennial herbaceous plant known for its autumn-flowering habit and saffron-like flowers. It produces large, goblet-shaped flowers with six pointed petals that bloom in shades of purple, lavender, or pink. Each flower emerges directly from the soil without any visible leaves, giving the appearance of flowers sprouting from bare ground, hence the name “naked ladies” sometimes used colloquially. The leaves of Colchicum lusitanum are basal and lance-shaped, appearing after flowering and persisting through the winter into the following spring.

Known Range: Colchicum lusitanum is native to the Iberian Peninsula, particularly Portugal and western Spain. It can be found growing in meadows, grasslands, and open woodland areas. Additionally, it has been introduced and cultivated in gardens and landscapes in other regions with suitable climates.

Care Requirements:

  • Location: Plant in a location with full sun to partial shade, preferably in well-drained soil.
  • Soil: Requires well-drained soil, preferably sandy or loamy. Avoid waterlogged conditions, as this can cause the bulbs to rot.
  • Watering: Provide regular watering during the growing season, but allow the soil to dry out slightly between waterings to prevent rot.
  • Fertilization: Apply a balanced fertilizer in early spring as new growth emerges.
  • Mulching: Mulch around the base of the plant to conserve moisture and suppress weeds.
  • Propagation: Autumn Crocus can be propagated by dividing established clumps of bulbs in late summer or early autumn.
  • Pests and Diseases: Generally, Colchicum lusitanum is resistant to pests and diseases. However, watch out for snails and slugs, which may feed on the foliage. Avoid planting in areas prone to waterlogging to prevent bulb rot.

Colchicum lusitanum adds a splash of vibrant color to the autumn garden with its striking flowers. With proper care and attention to its requirements, it can thrive and naturalize, providing years of beauty and interest in the landscape.


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